1 1. CUBISM
Description: Cubism is the most
radical, innovative, and influential ‘ism’ of twentieth-century art. It began when the Cubists broke from centuries of tradition
in their painting by rejecting the single viewpoint. This geometrically
analytical approach to form and color, and shattering of object in focus into
geometrical sharp-edged angular pieces sparked the movement into 'Cubism'.
Cubism is the breed of different perspectives.
Date: The
Cubist art movement began in Paris around 1907 and ended in 1914.
Two famous
artists/designers: Cubism was the joint invention of two men, Pablo
Picasso and Georges Braque. The phases of Cubism emerged from their studios, it
became clear to the art world that something of great significance was
happening. The radical innovations of the new style confused the public, but
the avant-garde saw in them the future of art and a new challenge.
Photo Link: Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon,1907. Considered to be a major step
towards the founding of the Cubist movement.
- REALISM
Description: Truth and accuracy
became the goals of many Realists. The artists portrayed subjects in the most
straightforward manner possible without idealizing them, and without following
previous art theories. Realists render everyday characters,
situations, dilemmas, and objects. Realists discard theatrical drama and classical forms of art in favor of everyday themes.
Date: The Realism movement began
in France and was active from 1830 to 1870. The earliest works from the Realist
movement arose in the 18th century as a reaction against Neoclassicism and
Romanticism.
Two famous
artists/designers: The works of Copley and Goya are an example of the early
influences on Realism.
Photo
Link: Jean-Baptiste,
Woman Cleaning Turnips, ca.
1738.
- CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism art refers to the optimistic,
non-representational relief construction, sculpture, kinetics and painting. It did
not describe a specific movement but rather a trend within the fields of
painting, sculpture and especially closely conjoined artists and their art with
machine production, architecture and the applied arts.
It became an early Soviet youth
movement whose aim was to encompass the whole spirit, cognitive and material activiety
of a man, In 1921 the Constructivists rejected "art" and
instead
became devoted themselves to industrial design.
Constructivist themes are also quite
minimal, where the artwork is broken down to its most basic elements. An art of order was desirable at the
time because it was just after WWI that the movement arose, which suggested a
need for understanding, unity and peace.
Date: Russian Constructivism
was a movement that was active from 1913 to the 1940s.
Two famous artists/designers: Main
representatives: Russian sculptor, Kasimir Malevich.
Another famous artist is Vladimir Tatlin.
Photo Link: Tatlin's most famous piece remains his
"Monument to the Third International" a 6.7m iron frame on which
rested a revolving cylinder, cube, and cone, all made of glass which was
originally designed for massive scale.
- FAUVISM
Description:
Fauvism was characterized by
paintings that used intensely vivid, non-naturalistic and energetic colours. It
was the first movement of this modern period, in which color ruled supreme. The
style was largely expressionist, and usually featured landscapes in which
forms were distorted. Fauvism was the first of the major avant-garde movements
in European 20th century art. Fauvism is a movement in French painting that
Fauves earned their name ("les fauves"-wild beasts) by shocking
exhibit visitors on their first public appearance, in 1905. The fauves rejected
the impressionist palette of soft, shimmering tones in favor of radical new
style, full of violent color and bold distortions.
Date: 1905-1908
Two
famous artists/designers: The leaders of the movement were Henri Matisse (French,
1869–1954) and André Derain (French, 1880–1954) They introduced un-naturalistic
color and vivid brushstrokes into their paintings.
Photo Link: Woman with
a Hat by Henri Matisse,
1905. Oil on canvas.
- ART
NOUVEAU
Description:
Art Nouveau is french
for "The New Art." Is is an
original artistic and decorative movement inspired by the idea of ‘total art’. A
style characterized by sensual linear designs based on plant and animal forms, subtle
light, feminine figures and curly hair, fluent dresses and attitudes,and strongly
influenced by a craze for Japanese art. The style started in Europe at the end of
the 19th century. Its curving lines
and floral ornamentation soon spread to America as well, largely through
ceramic and glass designs. The ornamental and asymmetrical style was best
displayed in the decorative arts such as furniture, jewelry, and book design
and illustration.
Date: This
important artistically avant-gardist movement appeared, at the turn of the 20th
century (1890-1914),
Two
famous artists/designers: Maillol, Aristide - 1861 - 1944
Mucha,
Alphonse - 1860 – 1939. Artists of the style emphasized symbolic and erotic
themes.
Photo
Link: The Dance by Mucha, 1898
- GRAFFITI
Description: Graffiti is writing or drawings scribbled,
scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place. It ranges from simple written words to
elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. Graffiti has been around for millions of
years. Romans wrote on the walls of buildings they conquered and cave men drew
illustrations on cave walls. It first became big in New York and spread
through other states and countries. It started as tagging or writing your name on a street sign. Then gangs
used graffiti as a way to mark territory. Not long after, graffiti became a
form of art. It inspired young artists to come out and use this new art as a form of self expression.
Graffiti started moving from streets to subways and quickly became
competitive. The artist’s had to compete for space and it inevitably offended
property owners. Vandilism and the misunderstanding that all graffiti
represented gang activity, led to community pressure on polititions. But still
graffiti artists strive to improve their art which is constantly changing.
Date:
Earliest dat not specified, it has been around for millions of years and still continues to be
very popular today.
Two
famous artists/designers: Lee Quinones, one of
many graffiti artists, changed the grimy place near Brooklyn bridge into an
incredible gallery of art. Banksy – born in 1974 is a graffiti artist from Bristol, UK, whose
artwork has appeared throughout London and other locations around the world.
Photo
Link: Banksy- wall art. http://www.spaciousplanet.com/images/world/israel-banksy60512675124267660.jpeg
7. MINIMALISM
Description:
Minilism often blurred the boundaries between painting and
sculpture, and were characterized by unitary, simple geometric forms and
industrial materials. Emphasising cool anonymity over the hot expressivism of
the previous generation of painters. The Minimalists attempted to avoid
representational associations, symbolism, and suggestions of spiritual
transcendence.
Minimalism has evolved over the last
half-century to include a large number of artistic media, and its precedents in
the visual arts.The new emphasis on the physical space in which the artwork
resided was based on the sense that an object lay not "inside" it,
but on its surface.
"A shape, a volume, a color, a surface is something
itself. It shouldn't be concealed as part of a fairly different whole." - Donald Judd
Date: it was born
as a self-conscious art movement in New York in the early 1960s.
Two famous
artists/designers: leading figures - Donald Judd, Frank Stella,
Robert Morris, and Carl Andre.
Photo Link: Woodblock
print
http://minimalissimo.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Donald-Judd-Woodblock-Print-1.jpg
8. SYNCHROMISM
Description:
Synchromism is an art movement based no the idea that sound and
color are phenomena that are similar in the way that the individual experiences
and perceives them.
Synchromistic paintings feature harmoniously balanced colors and
shapes, and a sense of movement. The paintings evoke similar feelings and
sensations as listening to an orchestra.
The artworks feature a strong rhythmic form or forms
that then advance toward complexity in form and hue, moving in a particular
direction.
Explosions of color used by scaling where often poured into radial
patterns. It is common to see synchromism art works have some sort of central
vortex that bursts outward with color, into complex color harmonies.
Date: 1913–1914
2
artists: The art movement begun by American painters Morgan Russell and Stanton Macdonald-Wright that focused on colour.
Photo Link: In 1913 the
first Synchromist painting, Russell’s Synchromy
in Green, was exhibited at the Paris Salon des Indépendants..
9. SURREALISM
Description: The
Surrealist movement was founded in Paris 1924 by a small group of writers and
artists who sought to channel the unconscious as a means to unlock the power of
the imagination. It was dedicated to expressing the imagination in a
method that was free from the control, convention, and reason. Surrealism was
similar to Dadaism in that it was anti rationalist, but was different in that
it was lighter in spirit. The aim of the movement was an attempt to discover a
super-reality by interpreting dream and reality together; two conditions that contradict
one another.
Date: The
Surrealist movement was founded in Paris 1924 and ended late1966.
Two famous artists/designers: Surrealism was founded by
Andre Breton, he created the Manifesto of Surrealism. Salvador
Dali is probably the most famous of those Surrealist painters. He’s known for his strange, eye-twisting landscapes often full of
symbolic creatures and objects. Artist’s like Breton and Salvador Dalí not only
had an important influence on avant-garde art, but through their commercial
work - in fashion photography, advertising and film - they brought the style to
a huge popular audience.
Photo Link: The temptation of
stanthony By Salvador Dali
10. FUTURISM
Description: A modern art
movement originating among Italian artists in 1909, when Filippo Marinetti's
first manifesto of futurism appeared. Futurism was presented as a modernist
movement celebrating the technological, future era. The car, the plane, the
industrial town were representing the motion in modern life and the
technological triumph of man over nature. The Futurist painters made the rhythm
of their repetitions of lines. Inspired by some photographic experiments, they
were breaking motion into small sequences, and using the wide range of angles
within a time-frame all aimed to incorporate the dimension of time within the
picture. Vivid colors and flowing brush strokes also created the illusion of
movement. Futurism influenced many other 20th century art movements, including
Art Deco, Vorticism, Constructivism and Surrealism. Futurism was inspired by
the development of Cubism and went beyond its techniques.
Date: (1909-1914)
Two famous
artists/designers: Filippo Tommaso
Marinetti and Giacomo Balla.
They adopted a love of speed, technology and violence.
Photo Link: Umberto Boccioni, Visioni simultanee (1911), olio su tela, cm 60,5x60,5
Bibliography:
CUBISM:
Realism:
Construstivism:
Fauvism:
Art
Nouveau:
Graffiti:
Minimalism:
Synchromism:
Surrealism:
Futurism:
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